What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (also known as the Stein–Leventhal syndrome) is a condition where numerous small cysts (each less than 1cm) occur in the ovaries.
- About 25% of British women have polycystic ovaries. However, only a small number of these women develop the syndrome
- This condition is the most common cause of failure of ovulation leading to infertility
Symptoms
The most common symptoms are menstrual disturbances or the absence of periods, along with obesity, excessive hair growth and acne.
Other, less common symptoms include:
- diabetes
- high blood pressure
- heart disease
- cancer of the womb lining
Causes
The exact cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome is unknown, although the condition tends to run in families.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on the symptoms. An ultrasound scan and hormonal blood tests usually confirm the diagnosis.
In many cases the blood levels of male sex hormones and insulin levels are raised.
Treatment
Menstrual disturbances can be controlled with hormone treatment. Hormonal drugs can be used, and in overweight women, symptoms are greatly improved by weight loss.
If a woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome is having difficulty getting pregnant, drugs can be used (for example Clomiphene or Metformin), to help her ovulate (produce eggs). Hormonal treatment has also been shown to help improve acne and excessive hair growth.
