Menopause

What is the Menopause?

  • The menopause refers to the end of menstruation. This usually occurs around the age of 47 to 52, although this varies for every individual.
  • As menopause approaches, a woman's periods first become sparse, then the odd period is missed, then they stop.

Symptoms

Not every woman has menopausal symptoms, others may experience some of the following:

  • Hot flushes affecting the face and neck
  • Night sweats
  • Insomnia
  • Headaches
  • Weight gain
  • Irritability

Most of the physical effects associated with the menopause are due to oestrogen deficiency. Pubic hair becomes more sparse, the labia flatten and the vaginal secretions decrease causing difficulty and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Changes in the vagina can also result in bladder infections (cystitis).

Loss of bone bulk and osteoporosis is a natural feature of ageing, but loss of oestrogen accelerates the process in post-menopausal women.

The psychological effects of the menopause can also vary. Some feel they have come to the end of reproductive life, viewing the menopause as a significant stage in ageing. Others feel freed from the worry of pregnancy, the troubles of the monthly periods, and perhaps the continuous use of contraception.

Treatment

The most common treatment for post-menopausal difficulties is hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the main aim of which is to replace the oestrogen now no longer available. As with any treatment, there seem to be both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages include:

  • a reduction in vaginal dryness and irritation.
  • osteoporosis may be reduced in the longer term.

Disadvantages of using HRT may include:

  • Increased risk of developing breast cancer, although this risk remains quite small.
  • HRT has also been linked with a small risk of developing blood clots in the legs and lungs.
  • Some studies indicate that HRT may increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

The use of HRT is a complex decision which should only be undertaken after extended consultation with your doctor. It is not the only option available and alternatives can be discussed which are appropriate to personal circumstances.

Links

The links below will provide you with more detailed information: